Video Title: What is Hashing on the Blockchain?
In simple terms hashing means taking an input of any length and returning an output of fixed length in the context of crypto currencies like Bitcoin transactions are taken as an input and run through a hashing algorithm that returns an output of a fixed length let’s see how the hashing process works
For this exercise we’re gonna use the secure hashing algorithm 256 or sha 256 in the case of sha 256 no matter how big or small your input is the output will always have a fixed 256 bits length this is critical when dealing with a huge amount of data and transactions instead
Of remembering a large amount of input data you can remember the hash to keep track a cryptographic hash function is a special class of hash function that makes it ideal for cryptography there are six properties that a cryptographic hash function needs to have in order to be considered secure let’s go through
Them one by one property 1 deterministic this means that no matter how many times you input the same data you will always get the same result this is critical because if you get different hashes every time it’s impossible to keep track of the input property to quick computation the hash function should be
Able to return the hash of an input quickly if the process isn’t fast enough then the system won’t be efficient property 3 preimage resistance preimage resistance states that it is infeasible to determine the input data based on the output hash notice the use of the word infeasible instead of impossible for
Example suppose you’re rolling a die instead of getting a specific number between 1 and 6 when you roll if you instead get a hash value that corresponds to a specific number between 1 and 6 how will you be able to determine what the original number was
All you have to do is find out the hashes of every number from 1 to 6 and compare it with your result since hash functions are deterministic the hash of a particular input will always be the same this means you can simply compare the hashes and find out the original
Input this is a trivial exercise when dealing with 6 possible inputs but when working with even slightly larger datasets the difficulty of guessing a hash increases exponentially the only way to find the input from an output hash is through brute force that is by making pure random guesses so what
Happens if you use this method if you spend every second of every day guessing hashes without sleeping you would be guessing hashes for the rest of your life and you would never even come close neither would your children if they did the same or their children or their
Children so while it is possible to break preimage resistance by brute force method it takes so long that it does even matter property for a small change in the input changes the whole output even the smallest change in input must have huge ramifications on the output
This is a critical function that aids in making the function preimage resistant property 5 collision resistant collision resistance means that each input will have its own unique hatch having two different inputs that result in the same hash is known as a collision no hash function is completely collision free
But much like the timeline of the brute force attack we described before it takes so long that it doesn’t matter property 6 puzzle friendly this is a pretty complex property and it’s represented in some form by this complicated looking equation here but math is hard so let’s turn this into
Words and pictures K represents a particular value chosen in order to fit this property the value has to be chosen from a significantly large distribution of points to choose a number between 1 and 5 for example would not be sufficient choosing a number between 1 and 1 septal Ian would be significant
Enough distribution for a cryptographic hash this line here denotes concatenation concatenation means adding two strings together if I were to concatenate blue and sky then the result would be blue sky so looking at the equation again given a hash output of Y and a randomly chosen point K it must be
Infeasible to find an x value such that the combining of K and X will give hash output Y well math so what does all this stuff mean in block chains why does that even matter the block chain is a sequence of blocks that contain data and a hash pointer that points to its
Previous block hence the chain and block chain a hash pointer contains the hash of all the data inside the previous block this small tweak is part of what makes block chains so revolutionary imagine a hacker attacks block 3 and tries to change the data because of the properties of hash functions even a
Slight change in data changes the hash drastically this means that any change made in block 3 will change the hash stored in block 2 this in turn will change the data and the hash of block 2 which results in changes in block 1 and so on this is exactly how block chains
Attain immutability any tiny changes in the data are immediately noticed and nullified by each preceding block essentially the concept of hashing is a core part of what makes block chains revolutionary and unique understanding how it works as well as the security and efficiency it provides is a key step towards understanding blockchain
Technology as a whole
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I have a headache
God damn it, why is there no video on this platform that explains the exact process step-by-step. They're all vague generalizations grrrrrr.
Excellent video… Please remove or lower the background music next time, we just want to hear you 🙂
tienes un video con subtitulos en español?
What is the use of hash if we can't retrieve the original data from them???
If i have a block number thats transection is not done how can i know what will be it’s hash?? I mean if we are in block 179927 and we have it’s hash and how can i know tha hash of coming block?? Like 179946?
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Thank you for simplifying this into a teachable concept. Looking forward to more
anything which causes the hash of the block to get changed affects its subsequent blocks not the previous ones, else a great video!!
Safex blockchain > Bitcoin blockchain
At 3:54 I don't think a change in block #3 will "change" the data in block #2. I think it just creates a discrepancy in the chain where the previous hash on block #3 no longer matches the hash on block #2 thus flagging it as erroneous. Please correct me if I'm wrong as I'm still trying to learn myself. Thanks
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I understand the mechanisms and all that but can anyone explain what the pre-picture resistance (point 3) is for? I am writing a graduation thesis and do not understand what the benefit is since the transactions are available to anyone anyways and you can't really change the input after all without getting a different output resulting in a not accepted block.
If the information in the input should be kept secure I would understand but I don't see where this ocurrs. Thanks in advance!
Ima watch that 10 times
this applies to our 24 words aswell i assume when entering them into cold storage devices, is there anything you have on this and how it stores it safely and discards the info but still remembers that its been made
The concept was explained very well
Thank you!!
thanks! if you are 'smart' like i am :P, you might find it helpful to reduce the speed to 0.75 or 0.5 and watch/listen LOL. at regular speed, it just flew 100 ft over my head LOL
Great explanation. Learned a tonne of good information here
Great explanation of hashing… but not very clear explanation of how it fits into blockchain. Which is block 1, 2, 3 in the picture?
Great explanation. Thank you.
Awesome and subscribed!
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What if there is a technology highly fast like say quantum technology, wouldn't it be possible to crack the SHA-256 encryption by using the brute force method in a much shorter time?
Most clear concept explanation !
Thank you from Ivan student
Thanks for sharing it!!
Everyday I'm hashing… 🌚
Really nice video, short, clear and go straight to the point !
Thanks !!!! short and precise!!!
What the *****. Please tell me the reason why it matters if the next blocks use the previous hash to decide their hash. So what if it's not the same as before? Why does that matter?
Nice … you should be a Professor!!! 🙂
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Thanks for simplifying the concept. Would be nice great if you could slow down a bit to let it gel in us noobs 😉
Number 2 is false. Because it makes Bruteforce attacks easier
Awesome vid, thanks and that music is groovy, I dig it!
Great job explaining construct such technical information in easy and understandable way. We are doing similar job – trying to educate people who are interested in cryptocurrencies and expanding blochain industry. If community is looking for a place to learn and read more, check out our Academy posts https://coinspace.com/academy/mining/what-hashrate
Great animation to explain such a central concept. Thank you!
Great , Get me more videos like that with animation its pretty cool.